Crusades
mass military expeditions and wars initiated by the Catholic Church in the High Middle Ages
Episodes
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#5803: Who Built Jerusalem's Old City Walls?The stone ring around Jerusalem's Old City is younger than you think — and the legend about its architects is wrong. -
#5802: The Mamluks: From Slave Market to Sultan's ThroneHow did enslaved soldiers become the rulers of Egypt and the Levant for 267 years? The Mamluk system explained. -
#5684: Who Built the Dome of the Rock?The stones are documented. The dirt underneath them has never been dug. Why the Temple Mount is archaeology's biggest open question. -
#5510: Six Churches, One Roof, 270 Years of DeadlockSix churches share Jerusalem's holiest sites — and none can move a chair without the other five agreeing. Here's how that happened. -
#5824: Herod's Four Walls: Why Only One Became the KotelHerod built four retaining walls around the Temple Mount. Three survive today — but only one became Judaism's holiest prayer site. Here's why. -
#5567: The Sinai Crossing Where a Stamp Draws the BorderA 24-hour pedestrian crossing between Eilat and Taba, where a free stamp, a one-kilometer fee waiver, and four treaty zones shape every trip into S...